HISTORY OF MODERN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

History of Modern Information and Communication Technology

Along with the development of science and technology, the modern age is the golden age of technology and information technology.

1. Modern Period

How is the development of information and communication technology in modern times? Along with the development of science and technology, the modern age is the golden age of technology and information technology. In the modern era, has created tools and advanced systems to facilitate human communication. What are the means of communication in modern times? The following will explain three examples of modern communication media are well known.

 a. Newspaper 

The newspaper is printed media containing various information. The newspaper also called the newspaper. Inside the newspaper there is information on various topics, such as political events, sports, entertainment, cultural, and weather.An online newspaper - History of Modern Information and Communication TechnologyFigure 1An online newspaperIf seen from its contents, the newspaper can be divided into general newspapers and specialty papers. General newspapers usually published every day and contains a variety of information umu. As there is a special newspaper published once a week or once a month. Special newspaper usually contains information in specific areas, such as information fields of agriculture, industry, sports, and the arts.Along with the development of information and communication technology, now the newspaper is not only a paper form only. Now the paper is accompanied by its online version in the Internet network. Do you know a newspaper in Indonesia, which has its online version?

b. Phone 

The phone that was first made - History of Modern Information and Communication TechnologyFigure 2The phone that was first madeThe first telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell (Editor Kelasabil: Need ditela'ah again the source) in 1876. Phone is a tool that can transmit conversations via electrical signals. By using a telephone, we can communicate verbally with someone who is far away.The phone is a communication tool that is very useful and very practical. Therefore, it is growing very rapidly. At first, the phone is limited to a fixed telephone (fixed line telephone). But now, the telephone technology has developed into a cell phone (mobile phone). Mobile phones are very practical to use because it can be used anywhere. Until now, mobile phone technology has developed very rapidly. Mobile is now not only as a means to call, but can be used also as a music player, video and camera.

c. Television 

Old television old school and classic - History of Modern Information and Communication TechnologyFigure 3Old television old school and classicTV was found in 1883 by Paul Nipkow. Television invention originated from the discovery of metal discs (metal) which rotates and has a lot of holes. Television is a broadcast tool illustrated catcher. Currently, television provide so many benefits and information to us. Of broadcasts televised, we can get information about news, sports, and entertainment. Television became an important communication tool for humans. Now, almost every house there is a television.The rapid development of television technology. In the past, we can only enjoy the black and white television, but now we can enjoy color television. In terms of the screen is also used to convex, now there is a plasma television and a flat-screen.

d. Computer 

Currently, humans are greatly helped his job by an instrument called a computer. All work to be more efficient with the help of computers. In almost every home and office we can find the computer.Computer comes from the word to compute the mean count. To study the history of computers, we can not escape from the historical development of the calculators. This is due to the basic principles of computer work as calculators.An Abacus - History of Modern Information and Communication TechnologyFigure 4An AbacusThe development of computers began with a tool called Abacus, which appeared about 5000 years ago. This tool allows users to perform calculations using sliding grains arranged on a shelf.In 1642, Blaise Pascal, find a numerical wheel calculator (numerical wheel calculator). The tool is then called the Pascaline. Pascaline using the eight rotary serrated wheel to add numbers to eight digits. This tool is a calculator tool based on number ten. The weakness of this tool is only limited to the sum.In 1694, a German mathematician and philosopher, Gottfred Wilhem von Leibniz improve Pascaline by creating a machine that can multiply. Just like its predecessor, this mechanical device works by using wheels serrations.Subsequent developments carried out by a British mathematics professor, Charles Babbage. In 1822, he created a machine to perform the calculation of differential equations. The machine is called Differential Engine. The machine was later developed into the Analytical Engine. Anlytical Engine consists of approximately 50,000 components. The basic design of the Analytical Engine using perforated cards (with holes) that contains the operating instructions for the machine.Anylitical Engine became a pioneer of computer development in the years going forward. The following will explain the development of computers from year to year.1) The first generation of computersThis first generation computers used vacuum tubes to process and store data. The first generation of computers can help experts in solving problems with the calculations quickly and accurately. Some first-generation computers, among others ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator), EDVAC Computer, EDSAC COMPUTER, and UNIVAC 1 Computer.2) The second generation of computersIBM 1401 - the second generation of computers - History of Modern Information and Communication TechnologyFigure 5IBM 1401 - Second Generation ComputersIn 1948, the invention of the transistor greatly influenced the development of computers. The transistor used in computers began in 1956. Another is the development of magnetic-core memory to help the development of second generation computers smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy efficient than their predecessors.The second generation of computers is fully computer using transistor. They also have components that can be associated with the computer at this time: a printer, storage, disk, memory, operating system, and programs.One important example was the IBM 1401 is widely accepted in the industry. In 1965, almost all large businesses use computers to process the second generation of financial information.3) The third-generation computersThe development of third-generation computers became ever smaller as more components were squeezed onto the chip. Transistors used second-generation computers were replaced with IC (Integrated Circuit). Other third-generation development is the use of the operating system (operating system) that allows the engine to run many different programs at once with a central program that monitored and coordinated the computer's memory.4) Fourth generation computersFourth generation computer development aims to shrink the size of circuits and electrical components. In the fourth generation of computers, the technology developed Large Scale Integration (LSI) that can fit hundreds of components onto one chip. In the 1980s, the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) contains thousands of components in a single chip.In 1981, IBM introduced the use of Personal Computer (PC) for use in homes, offices, and schools. IBM PC / 486, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium IV, AMD k6, and Athlon, is sebagin computers into the class of fourth-generation computers.